ANALYTICAL STUDY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTTERY BREAD MOULDS FROM MATARIYA, AIN SHAMS

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Lecturer Department of Conservation, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Egypt

Abstract

This study dealt with the Archaeological pottery shreds which were found in the excavation
done by the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) in Matariya and Ain Shams regions. The
analytical techniques used are the polarizing light microscope (PLM), scanning electron
microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) to determine the materials and
manufacturing techniques used in these findings. It was found out that the discovered shreds
comprise a group of pottery bread moulds belong to the Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 B.C). It
was also found that the texture of the pottery were made using a large quantity of medium to
coarse plant residues which is one of the most characteristic features of Nile fabrics. The colour
of the pottery fracture is reddish to brown. The firing temperature was uneven and the hardness
of the pottery is medium. The moulds were handmade shaping. All these characteristics are
belonging to the Nile C group. The two moulds were fully restored including cleaning,
construction, completion and coloring.

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