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Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies
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A., E. (2019). DETERIORATION MECHANISMS AFFECTING THE BRICKS USED IN THE BUILDING OF THE WATER WELLS AT KARNAK TEMPLES, LUXOR, EGYPT. Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies, 9(1), 13-25. doi: 10.21608/ejars.2019.38426
El-Badry. A.. "DETERIORATION MECHANISMS AFFECTING THE BRICKS USED IN THE BUILDING OF THE WATER WELLS AT KARNAK TEMPLES, LUXOR, EGYPT". Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies, 9, 1, 2019, 13-25. doi: 10.21608/ejars.2019.38426
A., E. (2019). 'DETERIORATION MECHANISMS AFFECTING THE BRICKS USED IN THE BUILDING OF THE WATER WELLS AT KARNAK TEMPLES, LUXOR, EGYPT', Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies, 9(1), pp. 13-25. doi: 10.21608/ejars.2019.38426
A., E. DETERIORATION MECHANISMS AFFECTING THE BRICKS USED IN THE BUILDING OF THE WATER WELLS AT KARNAK TEMPLES, LUXOR, EGYPT. Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies, 2019; 9(1): 13-25. doi: 10.21608/ejars.2019.38426

DETERIORATION MECHANISMS AFFECTING THE BRICKS USED IN THE BUILDING OF THE WATER WELLS AT KARNAK TEMPLES, LUXOR, EGYPT

Article 2, Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2019, Page 13-25  XML PDF (1.79 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2019.38426
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Author
El-Badry. A.
Conservation Lab. Manger, ARCE, Karnak, Luxor, Egypt
Abstract
The water wells at Karnak temples made of red brick and belonging to different eras, (Graeco-Roman and Byzantine periods). These water wells suffer from several deterioration aspects such as exfoliation, hard crusts, disintegration, spalling, cracks, fractures, salts crystallization, micro-organisms colonization's and vegetation. The aim of this paper is to study the deterioration mechanisms affecting the brick units of these wells to prepare a conservation strategy. Different scientific methods such as Light Optical Microscope (LOM), Polarizing Microscope (PM), Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDX) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) have been used to determine the mineralogical composition and the deterioration products. The obtained results have proved that the water wells suffer from salts crystallization of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate (thenardite) due to the severe effects of deterioration factors particularly the dominated environmental conditions, water-soluble salts and mineralogical composition of the brick.
Keywords
Brick; Water wells; Karnak temples; deterioration; salts; Thenardite; Halite
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