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A., H., F., M., H., A., M., A. (2018). A STUDY OF DETERIORATION PHENOMENA OF FOOT CASE CARTONNAGE FROM SAQQARA AREA, EGYPT. Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies, 8(2), 109-119. doi: 10.21608/ejars.2018.23503
Hussein, A.; Madkour, F.; Afifi, H.; Abd El Fatah, M.. "A STUDY OF DETERIORATION PHENOMENA OF FOOT CASE CARTONNAGE FROM SAQQARA AREA, EGYPT". Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies, 8, 2, 2018, 109-119. doi: 10.21608/ejars.2018.23503
A., H., F., M., H., A., M., A. (2018). 'A STUDY OF DETERIORATION PHENOMENA OF FOOT CASE CARTONNAGE FROM SAQQARA AREA, EGYPT', Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies, 8(2), pp. 109-119. doi: 10.21608/ejars.2018.23503
A., H., F., M., H., A., M., A. A STUDY OF DETERIORATION PHENOMENA OF FOOT CASE CARTONNAGE FROM SAQQARA AREA, EGYPT. Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies, 2018; 8(2): 109-119. doi: 10.21608/ejars.2018.23503

A STUDY OF DETERIORATION PHENOMENA OF FOOT CASE CARTONNAGE FROM SAQQARA AREA, EGYPT

Article 4, Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2018, Page 109-119  XML PDF (1.35 MB)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2018.23503
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Authors
Hussein, A.1; Madkour, F.1; Afifi, H.2; Abd El Fatah, M.3
1Conservation dept., Faculty of Fine Arts, Minia Univ., Minia, Egypt
2Conservation dept, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
3Ministry of State for Antiquities Affairs of Egypt, Giza, Egypt.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study deterioration phenomena of foot case cartonnage from
Saqqara area, Egypt. There are many damage problems such as: accumulation of dust,
stains, cracks of ground layer and detachment of paint and gilded layers. An analyses and
investigations of different samples were performed using a number of different analytical
techniques. Light microscopy (LM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy coupled with attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR) were used. Analytical studies
indicated that, cartonnage was composed of two layers; the coarse ground layer consisted of
calcite and quartz as while the finer ground layer contained calcite only. Two layers of preparing
double of linen textile were used as a separate layer between the previous ground layers. The
pigments used for the decoration of cartonnage were identified as hematite, cinnabar and
cuprorivaite. Gilded layer was identified as gold and silver. Microbiological investigation indicated
the presence a fungal and bacterial infestation. The results obtained gave important knowledge
about the deterioration processes of the foot case cartonnage.
Keywords
Cartonnage; Saqqara; deterioration; phenomena; cracks; microorganisms
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