Sohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601DISCOVERY OF THE WELL OF THE HOLY FAMILY IN THE GREAT TEMPLE AT TELL BASTA EXCAVATION SCIENTIFIC REPORT (1)1524657210.21608/ejars.2022.246572ENSelim, M.Prof. of Archeology and Ancient Egyptian Civilization, Ancient Egyptian Civilization dept. Higher Institute of Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations, Zagazig Univ., EgyptJournal Article20220413https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246572_053e0f535324369d74bedb0b3f9cff49.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601THE EVALUATION OF AGAROSE-BASED GEL SYSTEMS FOR SURFACE CLEANING ALBUMEN PRINTS VS THE CONVENTIONAL WATER TREATMENT72724657310.21608/ejars.2022.246573ENAli, M.Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20210816The albumen process was the main positive printing photographic process of the 19th century. Albumen prints form a significant part of historical collections, whether on display or in storage. Since pho-tographs are in high demand, they often suffer from improper and frequent handling, resulting in dirt and stains. Accordingly, albumen prints may benefit from surface cleaning. However, conventional treatments are very risky procedures which may cause severe damage to albumen prints. Recently, many gel-based systems have been developed and tested for possible use to surface clean different cultural materials. Given that the use of gelled systems proved to have several advantages over common treatments, the suitability of agarose-based gel systems and their effects on treated albumen surfaces was thoroughly assessed using visual inspection, UV fluore-scence imaging, digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, colorimetric measurements, pH value measurements, ninhydrin test, mechanical testing, thickness measurements, and fungal testing. In this study, agarose-based gel was prepared in three concent-rations (2, 3, and 4% in distilled water), without and with a solvent (i.e. ethanol or toluene). For studying long-term effects of the selected treatments, prepared test samples were exposed to humid heat aging for a period of five days as described in the ISO 5630-3:1996 standard. For color change measurements, vintage albumen prints were used. The conventional water treatment was also carried out for comparative purposes. Based on the obtained results, the tested agarose-based systems are less aggressive than the water treatment conventionally used to clean albumen prints.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246573_1df07e283d303c024890ff56470d46c6.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF A LATE PERIOD MULTI-PIECE CARTONNAGE FROM THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM IN CAIRO294024657410.21608/ejars.2022.246574ENAli, M.Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, EgyptAbdel-Ghani, M.Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, EgyptAbou Seif, N.Conservation lab, National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, Ministry of Archaeology and Tourism.Journal Article20210720The poor conditions of storage in the basement of the Egyptian Museum were the reason for severe damage to an unknown multi-piece mummy cartonnage dating back to the Late Period (780 BC-332 BC). This mummy consists of five separated pieces (a mask, a pectoral, an apron, a stomach, and a foot) on canvas support topped by a ground layer decorated with green, yellow, red, black, and white colors and a gilded layer. All the pieces of the mummy cartonnage have damage in the form of separations, cracks, discoloration, tears, and brittleness in the layers of the canvas support. The research paper presents the result of an examination and analytical study for the layers' structure of the mummy cartonnage. Therefore, the Optical Microscope (LOM), visible light, Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), EDX, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and XRF Spectroscopy were used. The results showed that canvas support made of linen in the form of four layers of thin fiber was used in the mask, stomach, and apron pieces. In contrast, one layer of thick fiber canvas was used in other pieces (mask, foot, and pectoral). The ground layer consisted of calcium carbonate, traces of gypsum, and quartz. The painted layer included Egyptian green, malachite, hematite, goethite, goethite with orpiment, graphite, and under layer of Egyptian blue below the green, red, and yellow pigments in a unique technique, especially in the pectoral and foot pieces. It was also noted that animal glue was used in all pigments and colors as a binding medium.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246574_97ec49865067ec0fea67f8fc15342deb.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601INVESTIGATION AND CONSERVATION OF A PRIVATE PHOTOGRAPHIC COLLECTION OF ALBUMEN PRINTS, EGYPT415224657510.21608/ejars.2022.246575ENEldeeb, H.Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.Ali, M.Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.Mansour, M.Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.Ali, MConservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20210825Albumen prints are the most important photographic prints of the late 19th century. It is basically composed of two layers: the first layer is the paper support (i.e. cellulose), and the second layer is the image layer (i.e. image silver particles embedded in an albumen binder layer). There are several factors threatening the permanence of albumen prints (e.g., fluctuating temperatures and relative humidity, frequent handling, air pollution, light, and improper storage and display). Unlike other paper objects, photographs have special conservation requirements due to their complex and unique nature. A private collection was selected for this study. The collection consists of three albumen prints from Francis Amen’s photo collection, which originally belonged to the Elhagar family. Francis Amin is a well-known photo collector in Egypt. The prints date back to 1890. The photographs were characterised and studied by visual inspection, digital microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Microbiological studies were carried out in the microbiology laboratory at the Faculty of Archaeology at Cairo University. Results revealed that the albumen layer suffers from cracks and chemical degradation, and the secondary supports suffer from both oxidation and hydrolysis. Based on the obtained results, the following conservation procedures were selected and carried out: disinfection, dry cleaning, tear mending and compensating for losses, remounting, retouching, and rehousing.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246575_99cd2a662d31e49ed50c51e4367b5d41.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601PRE-CASTING AS AN ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR COMPENSATION OF MISSING PARTS: APPLIED TO THE LID OF THE GRANITIC SARCOPHAGUS OF TJAY, TOMB -TT23 AT LUXOR-QURNA536324657610.21608/ejars.2022.246576ENOsman, A.Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Sohag Univ., Sohag, EgyptGad, A.Conservator at the Ministry of State for the Antiquities Affairs - Luxor Sector - Luxor - EgyptJournal Article20211111This research deals with some defects resulting from the compensation of granite artifacts by direct casting including the leakage of a used liquid or plastic substance on the surface of the artifact causing its distortion. It also includes the subsequent treatment that is carried out to clean such leakage by using mechanical abrasive tools resulting in scratches, cracks, surface deformation, loss, etc. Additionally, the application of unsuitable materials such as white cement has its defects. This work aims to make a blank of the missing area and then mould and cast it away from the object as an alternative gap-filling technique. That was applied on a granitic sarcophagus of Tjay tomb 23. An original sample was taken from the broken fractures of the sarcophagus and examined in terms of color, texture, and strength, then the same type of granite was brought from Aswan and crushed, then mixed with two types of Araldites, and white cement as binders. After evaluation of different mixtures, Araldite 1092 PY was chosen to be applied with coarse granite grains to be precasted and reinstalled. Compared to the traditional method of compensation, the authors' opinion described technique will provide a useful example of an alternative casting technique reducing the potential for any damagehttps://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246576_6b38a530985693f4692924825ed0be86.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601CORROSION CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSERVATION OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN BRONZE OSIRIS STATUETTE FROM AL-ARISH MUSEUM657124657710.21608/ejars.2022.246577ENMahmoud, G.Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Luxor Univ., Luxor, EgyptJournal Article20211025A bronze statuette in the form of Osiris is dating back to the late period. It was manufactured by casting method. The statuette in the Osiris position shows the wand, the sceptre and the royal crown and has a cobra snake. The hooked chin and facial details reveal a calm smile. On the outside, the statuette suffered from deterioration phenomena, for example different layers of soil mixed with sand and corrosion products on the statuette's surface. Bronze disease appears in separate areas of the statuette. Various examinations and analyses were performed on the samples that represent the places of damage on the statuette. The layers on the statuette surface were studied using stereo microscope examination, polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). Examinations show that the surface layers consist of clay minerals, sand and corrosion products in various colors. The mineral composition of the samples was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The analysis revealed the presence of cuprite, atacamite as Corrosion products, in addition to quartz. Calcifications have been removed using appropriate tools such brushes and blunt scalpels. Treatment processes of the bronze statuette include mechanical and chemical cleaning in addition to apply benzotriazole inhibitor by 3%. A protective layer of paraloid B 82 by 3% was applied. Finally, the bronze statuette was displayed in Al- Arish museum.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246577_f562345dca7dbbafe654f9006591ee85.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601INPUT OF THE TECHNICAL IMAGING FOR THE STUDY OF WALL PAINTINGS: EXAMPLE OF A LINTEL (TOMB OF KING TAKELOT I AT TANISSAN EL-HAGAR, SHARQEYA, EGYPT)738724657810.21608/ejars.2022.246578ENVallet , J.-MResearch engineer and scientific adviser CICRP, Marseille, FranceHubert-Joly, E.Research engineer and scientific adviser CICRP, Marseille, FranceDuberson, S.Restorer, Musée du Louvre, dépt. des Antiquités égyptiennes, Paris, FranceLeclère, Fr.Head of the French Mission of Tanis’ excavations, Aubervilliers, FranceJournal Article20210828Technical digital imaging is a non-destructive and contactless technique that is increasingly used to study wall paintings. The methodology is based on the images acquisition in different wavelengths domains. A painted lintel in the tomb of King Takelot I (22nd dynasty, 887-873 BC), at the archaeological site of Tanis (Egypt), which shows a fragile surface, has been investigated in this way. Images under direct light, raking light, favouring near IR radiation, catching the fluorescence response under UV have been made. Ortho-photographs and generated depth maps at both macro- and micro-scales using a digital camera and contactless e-microscope have also been performed. The images revealed the presence of Egyptian blue, red ochre, carbon black. They also have provided additional information on the degradation patterns and the nature of soluble salts that are chloride and sulphatebased compounds, the main origin of the degradations and helped to detect the traces of past restoration.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246578_cb7730466e9dbb92236324782efd199d.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601PREPARATION OF BLUE VITREOUS PAINT FROM CO3O4 NANOPARTICLES FOR APPLICATION ON STAINED GLASS AT LOW TEMPERATURES AN EXPERIMENTAL899624657910.21608/ejars.2022.246579ENAbdel Baky, N.Conservation Dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Sohag Univ., Sohag, EgyptJournal Article20210828One of the most important problems facing the restorer in stained glass restoration is the completion of missing glass pieces to which vitreous paints containing metal oxides were applied that require a high temperature for installation, starting from 550 °C and increasing according to the colored oxide nature and the smelter used. The present paper discusses the preparation of blue vitreous paint for nanoparticles Co3O4 to improve its thermal and color properties. It compares the color prepared from the cobalt nano oxide Co3O4 and cobalt oxide CoO mainly used to color the glass blue since the pharaonic periods. Examination and analysis methods, i.e., XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TEM, were used in characterizing the cobalt nano oxide. STEM, SEM, and stereo microscope were used to study the prepared color samples. Results showed that the particles size of the prepared Co3O4 of 0.78 nm gave an excellent blue color when applied to the glass at a temperature of 620 °C compared to the color resulting from CoO, which was installed at a temperature of 700 °C according to mixing rates. That paved the way for reducing the proportion of the smelter in the color mixture to increase color resistance to weathering deterioration factors, especially moisture.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246579_ec3f08d427f75735c40dc6a7af6f7850.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601WORDS REFERRING TO SWALLOWING IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGIOUS TEXTS9711024658010.21608/ejars.2022.246580ENAbd El-Aziz, R.Egyptology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum Univ., Fayoum, EgyptJournal Article20211025The ancient Egyptian expressed Osiris’s torn body by the word/expression “iwf Wsir”, meaning Osiris’s body members (Osiris’s flesh). The texts identified the body parts and what areas of Egypt they were found by Isis and Nephthys. Osiris’s head was found in Memphis, the neck in Latopolis, the heart in Athribis, etc. However, the vital processes related to the body, such as swallowing and its words through the ancient Egyptian religious texts, were not considered. The words referring to swallowing varied through the ages, such as the Pyramid Texts in the Old Kingdom, Coffin Texts in the Middle Kingdom, and the Book of the Dead in the New Kingdom.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246580_4f7d53660828c748cc14ff41a6cc7577.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601NEW ARABIC INSCRIPTIONS, DATED TO MAMLUKE PERIOD FROM WADI AL-ĠUṢAIN IN THE EASTERN JORDANIAN DESERT11111824658110.21608/ejars.2022.246581ENAl-Jbour, Kh.Archaeology dept., Faculty of Tourism and Archaeology, Jordan Univ., Amman, Jordan.Journal Article20210828This study is concerned with three new Islamic inscriptions which were discovered in one of the stones cairn in wadi alĠuṣyian, which is famous for water wells- dug in along the course of the valley - known as Biār al-Ġuṣyian (wells of alĠuṣyian). These inscriptions that are carved on smooth basalt stone are composed of thin letters, making it difficult to read these inscriptions at first. However, I was able to analyze and read the inscriptions correctly. The importance of the inscriptions is that they were engraved by three different persons in the cursive writing on the surface of the stone; the stone’s surface measures 30 cm×33 cm, two inscriptions are dated but the third one is undated. One of the inscriptions contains the name of the person as “Al-Ġuṣyian” and so the site was named after this name that is the wells of “Al-Ġuṣyian”. Another inscription that mentions a geographical site in neighboring Syria, called “cUrmān” from the Mamluke period includes in the first inscription some ascetic poetic verses which were in vogue back then.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246581_80ff70c35e07d05d58689a4aae660509.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601AN UNPUBLISHED COPY OF THE HOLY QURAN DATED TO THE 13TH H./ 19TH G. CENTURY ARTISTIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY11913724658210.21608/ejars.2022.246582ENAhmed, Sh.Islamic Archaeology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Ain-shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20211025The Holy Quran is a pillar of Islamic civilization. The copy of the Qur’an al-muṣḥaf al-sharīf is vital for studying Islamic arts, in general, and Arabic scripts, in particular. The Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo holds major collections of copies of the Quran as pieces of art. I chose one of those manuscripts dated 1268 AH./1851 AD., as the topic of study because of its importance, complete form, various decorations, and calligrapher's signature. These factors provide a comprehensive background on the copies of the Holy Quran dated to the 13th H./19th G. century.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246582_6350dee6a2ade5271c43a0ae289ba18d.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493212120220601INVESTIGATING THE MUSEUM VISITOR EXPERIENCE AT THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUMS OF JERASH AND UMM QAIS13914524660610.21608/ejars.2022.246606ENAlghazawi, R.Cultural Heritage & Museology dept., Queen Rania Faculty of Tourism & Heritage, Hashemite Univ., JordanJournal Article20210828Museums today are faced with a number of challenges and currently are searching for ways to attract, retain audiences and engage with the public. In order to address these issues, researchers have called for studies to help construct a complete understanding of the visitor experience. Few studies employ methodological approaches that provide in-depth accounts of the museum experience. This article reports preliminary findings from a narrative research study that is aimed to explore sustained visitor/museum relationships. The narrative methodology adopted for this study provides novel insights into the nature of these relationships and extends our understanding of those museum experiences that build and strengthen relationships with visitors, including the affluent ones. Historically, museums have served as important sites for cultural engagement. Despite the significant role they play in society, museums today are faced with a number of challenges. Some of these challenges stem from reduced government funding, resulting in increased pressure to attract diverse audiences and a need to justify the public value of museums. Other challenges may be attributed to the rapidly changing society in which we live—changes in demographics, lifestyle, leisure time activities, as well as communication and technology. The main purpose of this research is to identify the profiles of visitors, and understand better their needs as well as the numerous ways in which they experience Jerash and Umm Qais museums in Jordan. This study showcases also the main problem of Jerash and Umm Qais museums; a revision in quality of services, a marketing plan, and an activation of the educational programs in these two museums are highly recommendedhttps://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_246606_862ae0726cc9c6c02c8dd395faad1eeb.pdf