Sohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493210120200601THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY (2.5D) IN THE AUTHENTICITY OF A MANUSCRIPT FROM THE ISLAMIC ERA179895310.21608/ejars.2020.98953ENNoshy W.1Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Cairo, EgyptHassan R.1Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Cairo, EgyptNazel T.2Conservation dept., Faculty of Fine Arts, Minia Univ., Minia, EgyptHosni A.2Conservation dept., Faculty of Fine Arts, Minia Univ., Minia, EgyptJournal Article20200108One of the most important challenges to libraries and museums in many countries is the problem of forged Arabic and Islamic manuscripts, especially with the increasing global interest in the last three decades of Islamic art, in general, and the Arabic manuscripts, in particular. Forged manuscripts can be completely new manuscripts. They may also include added or deleted parts- called enhanced manuscripts- to achieve a target or to meet the global market demand for such Islamic manuscripts. The present study addresses the authenticity of a Quran manuscript dating back to 1834 AD using Digital Authenticity (2.5D). The image was divided into sections. Each section was analyzed by measuring the sensitivity of light absorption by (peaks). Then, the analyzed waves were divided into low and high frequencies that were compared. If there is a forged part, it appears in the frequencies in a way that highlights its difference from the other the frequencies on all bands. While the first band shows the form of nanometric details, such as the rough surface and the non-stable image, the second highlights the difference in the distribution of ink on the surface and the shape of the grain of the ink. The third one appears in the chromatic aberration with (peaks) from the different wavelengths in paper and ink in case of forgery words.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_98953_6ba620a0129cf5640a313091ff22836c.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493210120200601SCIENTIFIC METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF IBIS MUMMY'S WOODEN COFFIN9219895710.21608/ejars.2020.98957ENNabil E.Director of Restoration of the Royal Vehicles Museum, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20191223The present study aims to investigate the conservation of a wooden coffin of the sacred Ibis Mummy that dates back to the Greco-Roman Period. It was found in Minia excavations and transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum in 2012 for conser-vation. For a better unders-tanding of deterioration and raising awareness of the conservation, many examinations and analyses were done, e.g. visual examination and documentation using AutoCAD (2D), optical microscope, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Infrared spectroscopy to define the type of wood, preparation layer, and binder. The coffin under study was kept in inappropriate conditions, causing further deterioration. Moreover, the surface decorations could be hardly seen because of the dust. After examination, conservation was conducted, including mechanical and chemical cleaning, installing friable painted gesso layers, filling cracks and pores, reassembling of the box and the lid, and adjusting the lid. The conservation was successful. Consequently, the coffin is ready for exhibition or storing.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_98957_016adb3c6f081fa43584601f748b1471.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493210120200601OLD KINGDOM DOOR LINTEL OF ISI AT THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM23279895810.21608/ejars.2020.98958ENAhmed B.Archaeology dept., Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190413This rectangular limestone door lintel of Isi is currently housed in Cairo Museum (under Temporary Register No. 6-12-24-8). It belongs to the end of the 5th dynasty and the beginning of 6th dynasty of the old kingdom. Although it bears no royal name, it has the style of the inscriptions that existed at the end of the old kingdom. This tomb lays in the northern part of the cemetery of Deir El-Gebrawi at Assiut, which belongs to the end of 5th dynasty and the beginning of the 6th dynasty while the southern belongs to the reign of PPi the 2nd from the 6th dynasty.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_98958_127f4472f8f5128c294bb32e056bc678.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493210120200601UN-TRANSMITTED SPELLS INTO THE POST-UNIS OLD KINGDOM PYRAMID TEXTS29429896010.21608/ejars.2020.98960ENAbd El-Sattar I.Egyptology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum Univ., Fayoum, EgyptJournal Article20190624The pyramid texts are funerary spells which were found in eleven pyramids of old kingdom kings and queens. This paper deals with the phenomenon of excluding some spells of the old kingdom pyramid texts after their first attestation. This study assigns the term "Un-transmitted spells" to identify these spells which were attested in a certain pyramid while not reselected once again in the other pyramids. The paper focuses on those of Unis pyramid, which has 38 un-transmitted spells, trying to answer two essential questions: why these spells emerged only once in the pyramid of Unis and were not transmitted or reselected into the other old kingdom pyramids? Were these spells transmitted or reselected and became a part of the re-contextualization program after the old kingdom or not? The study suggests three reasons for the phenomenon in question depending on the investigation of the Pyramid Texts editing during the old kingdom.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_98960_3ed4a733325774608129844f8799ade0.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493210120200601REPRESENTATIONS OF HOMELESS CHILDREN IN WARLIKE SCENES IN THE NEO-ASSYRIAN PERIOD43579896110.21608/ejars.2020.98961ENAbdullah F.Egyptology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190919The purpose of this study is to focus on how children were graphically represented in warlike scenes, especially those who accompanied captives and prisoners of war and those related to the scenes of siege and exile in Mesopotamian art during the Neo-Assyrian period (911-612 B.C.). The study discussed examples of children's depictions in a warlike landscape in Neo-Assyrian art in the First Millennium BC. The reason for choosing this topic is to shed more light on the fact that homeless children are the most suffering people from the woes of war. It is noteworthy that children were generally represented less in the military and warlike scenes than daily life and civilian scenes possibly due to the unparalleled military expansion and superiority that characterized this time or because of the Assyrian artists' concern to depict captives of all ages to express their strength and superiority. The present study did not investigate all the representations of people and children who were taken as prisoners in the Neo-Assyrian period. Rather, it indicated the familiar situations of children with captives and prisoners in this period.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_98961_21926391815211729f181d8216d8452e.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493210120200601THE REUSED BLOCKS IN THE SOUTHERN CHAMBER OF AMENHOTEP II'S EDIFICE AT KARNAK TEMPLE59729896210.21608/ejars.2020.98962ENAbd-elsttar Sh.Egyptology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Aswan Univ., Aswan, EgyptJournal Article20191203The present study explores the blocks that were reused in the southern chamber of Amenhotep II's edifice at the Karnak Temple. This edifice is located between the IXth and the Xth pylons. The blocks are sandstone and contain scenes and texts. The author describes and translates them to investigate their association with the rituals that occur in the edifice. Although the scenes of the blocks under investigation date back to Amenhotep II’s second jubilee, they were reused in other places. Some of them depict scenes of the king with a deity, such as a block that showed King Amenhotep II embraced by the god Amun. Moreover, they contained various scenes, such as purification and offering. For example, the offering scenes depict the offerings of three vessels, bread, goose, flowers, plants and fruits, and title of Amenhotep II. The author will conduct further studies on the edifice of Amenhotep II. When completing the study, the author will virtually reconstruct the edifice.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_98962_4010f5402e890fa2c1634b95dd278f30.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493210120200601THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE QUR’ANIC QUOTATION ‘MĀ SHĀ' ALLĀH’ ON BOTH OTTOMAN AND GREEK HERITAGES IN THE BALKANS73859896310.21608/ejars.2020.98963ENAmeen A.Islamic archaeology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum Univ., Fayoum, EgyptJournal Article20191003Mā shāʾ Allāh is an Arabic expression used as a spoken amulet in Arabian culture prior Islam, and continued in Islamic heritage, to protect from the evil eye or to bring well luck even. This paper surveys the ‘Mā shāʾ Allāh' and related inscriptions Yā Ḥāfiẓ' and Yā Ḥafīẓ in the Balkans. It focuses on the extant writings on ottoman buildings in Greece. In this regard, it publishes a group of new inscription. The study also investigates the visual impact of such inscriptions. It analyses these inscriptions considering functional, regional, chronological and calligraphic stylistic criteria. The paper characterises the meaning of the ‘Mā shāʾ Allāh' inscription either as a direct message or as a mirror reflects some aspects of the period and society to which belongs. Moreover, it examines the significance of writing the Mā shāʾ Allāh in Greek alphabet ‘Mάσαλα and Μασαλαχ' on Christian buildings and objects. The paper concludes that the Mā shāʾ Allāh acquired over centuries a popular folkloric cultural concept as a talisman to protect from the evil eye rather than its own original religious expression.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_98963_d99abb8935340d9f775ef72dbd0c69e8.pdfSohag University Publication CentreEgyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies2090-493210120200601TYPOLOGY OF THE OTTOMAN MAUSOLEUMS IN RHODES IN THE LIGHT OF THE REMAINING TYPES IN CEMETERY OF MURAD RE'IS871019896410.21608/ejars.2020.98964ENAbdel Wahab M.Islamic Archaeology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum Univ., Fayoum, EgyptJournal Article20191115The Greek cities hold a broad base of the religious, civil, war, educational, commercial, and funeral architectural styles. Thus, it is a good opportunity for the researchers in Islamic architecture and civilization, in general, and the Ottoman, in particular, to bridge many historical and architectural gaps. The researchers have neglected and disregarded the monuments of the Ottoman Empire in Europe, especially after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the European part. It was deliberate neglect inspired by racism in some European countries. They sometimes tended to carelessness or direct destruction. Consequently, less than (10 %) of the original monuments have survived, as shown in the books of travelers and statistics by the Ottoman authorities. The remaining monuments, even a few, are important for understanding and identifying the characteristics of Ottoman architecture and the arts in the European cities, especially Rhodes. Fortunately, this Island still holds hundreds of Ottoman monuments. The mau-soleums and cemeteries are among the most significant resources in identifying the Ottoman architectural styles and patterns in Rhodes. They help form a complete picture, not only architecturally and technically, but also demographically as well as nature, names, titles, and occupations of the Ottomans at that time.https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_98964_2e28d3c1597997081ba7dd9efd30b96d.pdf