ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
CHARACTERIZATION AND RESTORATION RECOMMENDATIONS OF SOME ADOBE SHRINES AT EL-BAGAWAT CEMETERY, KHARGA OASIS, WESTERN DESERT - EGYPT.
The existing research focuses on an important type of early Christianarchitecture, which was common in Kharga oasis, western desert, Egypt.Kharga oasis includes the largest cemetery dated back to the late third/earlyfourth to the seventh century A.D. this cemetery called .El-Bagawat cemetery..All shrines in this cemetery were built of mud brick .adobe. blocks and mudmortars. Most of walls and facades of those shrines covered with mud and/orlime plasters. This study focused on two shrines at El-Bagawat cemetery, theyare shrines numbers 66 and 90. The study showed the main factors ofdeterioration. All building materials; adobe, mortars and mud plasters werestudied, characterized by using different methods and techniques such as;optical microscopy (by USB digital microscope), scanning electron microscopy(SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, physical and mechanicalproperties were studied on selected samples. The results referred that themain deterioration factors affected the historic adobe shrines at El-Bagawatcemetery are the major climatic changes, biological factors and lack ofcomprehensive restoration/management plan. Using modified adobe blocksand mortars for the purpose of completion and reconstruction (mainly thisbricks contained 65 % kaolinite-rich soil + 17 % salt-free sand + 15 % slakedlime + 3 % fiberglass) and provide a sustainable development plan; is themain way to keep this heritage saved and protected.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_9949_4edb95979bbf4d2b63a13d85155f5066.pdf
2018-06-01
1
13
10.21608/ejars.2018.9949
Adobe (mud brick)
El-Bagawat cemetery
Kharga Oasis
Restoration
shrine
Abd El-Hafez
M.
hafezm762000@yahoo.com
1
Conservation dept, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
NONDESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE STUDY OF A GILDED METALLIC SWORD FROM THE ISLAMIC ART MUSEUM
The paper presents results obtained from investigation of a gilded sword from Islamic ArtMuseum in Cairo- Egypt, with multi-analytical non-destructive methods such as opticalmicroscopy (OM), stereo microscope (SM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The present articleoffers a discussion of swords and sabers during the early Islamic period. The paper proposesa short review on gilding techniques and materials from metal artifacts of cultural heritage.Modern analytical methods applied to the metallic sword (which has gilded copper and ironalloys) revealed a number of structures, complex and different. The iron object degraded inthe surrounding environment to emphasizing the chemical and physical processes that occuraccording the lying environment; the iron blade of the sword has stress due to cracks andpitting corrosion. Furthermore, XRF analysis showed that the hilt of the sword coated withwear and tear gold layer or electrum (an alloy of gold and silver). These results highlightedthe chemical composition of the base alloy and gilding; it offers useful information which helpsin conservation, handling and storage methods to keep the unique sword.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_9953_773dda39da8649eddcdd83564aa6149e.pdf
2018-06-01
15
21
10.21608/ejars.2018.9953
Gilding
Metallic alloys
Portable equipment
Degradation effects
Gharib
A.
1
Conservation dept., Faculty of Fine Arts, Minia Univ., Minia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
H.
2
The Islamic Art Museum, Port Said St., Bab EL Khalk, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
abdel ghany
N.
3
Physical Chemistry dept., National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MICROCLIMATIC MONITORING FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPILLA MAYOR, SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA CATHEDRAL (SPAIN)
The study of the microclimate is a fundamental prerequisite of cultural heritage restorationstrategy, as the durability of the interventions strongly depends on the environmental conditions.Before the restoration of the frescoes of the apse, seriously degraded, the microclimate in theCapilla Mayor of the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral was monitored continuously for oneyear to assess the main environmental risks and elaborate a preventive conservation plan.The main natural and anthropic factors affecting the microclimate of the Capilla wereidentified, as well as their relevance and the associated risk of damage to the frescoes. Inparticular, the thermo-hygrometric values measured close to the vault were not fully incompliance with respect to the ranges indicated in literature for the conservation of thefrescoes. Finally, solutions were suggested to improve the environmental conditions in theCapilla, thus reducing further damage and enhancing the durability of the frescoes after theplanned restoration.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_13902_2905b1be281c7ca26ab4d03b253981cc.pdf
2018-06-01
23
33
10.21608/ejars.2018.13902
Microclimatic monitoring
Environmental risk assessment
Preventive conservation
Historical building management
Conservation strategy
Bernardi
A.
1
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
AUTHOR
Becherini
F.
2
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
AUTHOR
Vivarelli
A.
3
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
AUTHOR
Pockelè
L.
4
R.E.D., Padova, Italy
AUTHOR
De Grandi
S.
5
R.E.D., Padova, Italy
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
RESTORATION AND STORAGE PROCEDURES OF A RARE HISTORICAL TEXTILE IN THE MUSEUM OF THE FACULTY OF APPLIED ARTS OF HELWAN UNIVERSITY, EGYPT
Historical textiles suffer from deterioration due to exposure to uncontrolled environmental conditions, in museums. This article presents strategies for the conservation and storage processes of historical textiles that have been under uncontrolled storage conditions and display, in Egypt. The object dates back to the Ottoman period. Its dimensions are 62×49.5 cm. The textile object is highly decorated with figures of plant, and is multicolored in red, blue, and black. The textile has various types of deterioration such as dust, blue stain, loss of parts and weakened fiber. The study addresses three objectives: first, documenting the objects by using SEM Documentation, FTIR, EDS, Visual documentation, Biological examination, Photograph documentation was carried out in order to develop a plan of conservation treatment. The effects of cleaning materials on the natural dyes were tested. Second, the conservation treatment processes were done, old conservation repairs were removed, and separated parts were supported. Cleaning included mechanical and wet cleaning. The textile was supported by a new linen fabric. Third, an excellent storage system was established in order to keep the object on the long-term storage.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_13905_699d46ff6d6fda113320c2130fb73f82.pdf
2018-06-01
35
43
10.21608/ejars.2018.13905
textiles
Ottoman Period
Uncontrolled environmental
FTIR
EDS
Ahmed
H.
1
Conservation department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Zidan
Y.
2
Conservation department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Yahia
D.
3
The Islamic Art Museum, Supreme Council of Antiquities, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THREE UNPUBLISHED SCULPTURE WORKS IN THE COPTIC MUSEUM
This article gives publication and full study of three sculpture works preserved in the CopticMuseum. Two of them are funerary figures, or Portrait Stelae, several examples of this typewere found in many orts and cities of Middle and Upper Egypt, in Fayoum, Ihnasia,Antoniopolis, El-Bahnasa, Bauit, Qift, and Kom el-Rahieb opposite of Samalout in Minia, andthe third is a portrait of a mature man. These three pieces arrived to the Coptic Museum sincemore than thirty years. The museum Kept them under Nrs. 13247, 13248, 13178. The Articlecontains also an analytic and dating study, together with spotting more lights upon thereligious and cultural life, so also on the main characteristics of artworks during the era ofLate Roman and early Coptic Art.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_13908_c7f7c1c5ad82f40ffd837432015b479e.pdf
2018-06-01
45
51
10.21608/ejars.2018.13908
Portrait stelae
Funerary figures
Coptic museum
Sculpture
Reliefs
Palleum
Gabr
M.
monagabr@hotmail.com
1
Greek & Roman Archaeology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
THE COMPLEX OF CHOR BAKR IN BUKHARA: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDY
The architectural complexes in Central Asia received great attention by the sultans and princes who significantly contributed to building them, including mosques, madāris, and khanqahs. Bukhara held many of the complexes, indicating the prosperous architectural activity that reflected the architectural creations and traditions of the city. In addition, it showed the skills of architects and artists in giving cohesion to the environment in Central Asia, as well as the variety of architectural and decorative units. Therefore, the present study of the Complex of Chor Bakr aims to define the relationship between the buildings and the political, scientific, and artistic conditions and to recognize the architectural features of the buildings in Bukhara during the Shaibanid era.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_13909_17bfb968d90f06db5e566abf7dbbb839.pdf
2018-06-01
53
58
10.21608/ejars.2018.13909
Bukhara
Mosque
Madrasa
khanqah
Iwan
mihrab
Roshdy
M.
mahmoud_roshdy50@yahoo.com
1
Islamic dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
JAHANGIR'S WINE CUPS: A STUDY OF THE ARTISTIC STYLES AND SYMBOLISM
The applied arts, e.g. cups of wine and opium, at the time of Indian Mughal emperors showhow great their civilization and creativity were. The present paper is an artistic study of thesecups, their styles at the time of Jahangir and their appropriateness to the function. It alsoinvestigates the materials used in manufacturing, decorations and the relationship betweenthese decorations and the cups' functions. Additionally, it aims to study the philosophy of theMughal emperors in drinking wine, how fond they were of these drinks despite the teachingsof Islam and the development of drinking wine at the time of Jahangir that the depiction of theemperor holding a cup was a well-known phenomenon. Finally, it examines the coins mintedduring Jahangir's era and the symbolism of wine cups and their relations to him in somekingly scenes.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_13910_b45ac277ffe703dbcdd3146e45472aac.pdf
2018-06-01
59
71
10.21608/ejars.2018.13910
Cup
wine
Opium
Drinking
Mughal
Jahangir
Coins
manuscripts
Paintings Bukhara
Thabet
H.
htm00@fayoum.edu.eg
1
Islamic dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum Univ., Fayoum, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A STUDY OF AN OTTOMAN MARBLE ENDOWMENT PRESERVED IN TOPKAPI PALACE MUSEUM IN ISTANBUL
The endowments of the Ottoman buildings were distinguished by the diversity of their material between paper and stone. However, the paper endowments were the official legal form of these buildings as they dealt with their financial and administrative affairs, e.g. staff and endowed places, while the stone endowments did not represent the full meaning of the endowment, but they were only a summary of paper endowments. Their decrees were usually inscribed on the stone panel and fixed in one of the walls of the building, including the name of the founder of the waqf and some endowed places without details. These stone endowments decrees have a great importance because of their material, which has not been easily affected by environmental factors. This paper aims to study a marble endowment by identifying its owner, his titles, the ways of spending, the buildings that benefited, the type of endowment and its amount, the cash units used, and the officials responsible for the endowment.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_13911_83512cfa0ab832ffb79b3f3908c860f7.pdf
2018-06-01
73
81
10.21608/ejars.2018.13911
Waqf
Ottoman
Endowment
marble
Mosque
Gerede
Hassanein
I.
iwi00@fayoum.edu.eg
1
Islamic dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum Univ., Fayoum, Egypt
AUTHOR