eng
Sohag University Publication Centre
Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies
2090-4932
2090-4940
2014-06-01
4
1
1
11
10.21608/ejars.2018.7269
7269
Original Article
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF CONSOLIDATION TREATMENTS IN HEARTWOOD AND SAPWOOD OF A DECAYED GYMNOSPERM WOOD
El Hadidi N.
1
Darwish S.
2
Assist. Prof. Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
Assist. Prof . Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
The aim of this research is to study and compare the different effects of some natural andsynthetic polymers dissolved in different solvents on sapwood and heartwood samples takenfrom an archaeological decayed Cupressus sempervirens, a gymnosperm wood that hadbeen often imported into Egypt throughout history. Five commonly used adhesives werechosen for this purpose: Paraloid B 72 dissolved in acetone (3% w/v), Methyl cellulosedissolved in water (1.5% w/v), Funori dissolved in ethyl alcohol 70% (3% w/v), Gum Arabicdissolved in water (3% w/v) and Poly vinyl acetate (PVAc) diluted in water (50% v/v).Untreated sapwood and heartwood samples and treated sapwood samples were examinedusing scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS). For monitoring the chemical changes andmodifications, which occurred in the wood due to the chemical effects of the consolidants,untreated and treated sapwood and heartwood samples were analyzed with an FTIRspectrometer.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7269_615253a39849dd334c98cb16b5e979a7.pdf
Cupressus sempervirens
common adhesives
sapwood
heartwood
SEMEDS
FTIR
eng
Sohag University Publication Centre
Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies
2090-4932
2090-4940
2014-06-01
4
1
13
23
10.21608/ejars.2018.7270
7270
Original Article
IDENTIFICATION AND RESTORATION OF LATE ROMAN AMPHORA, 4TH-6TH CENTURIES AD. FROM EL-BAHNASA SITE, MINIA, EGYPT
Madkour F.
1
Asses. Prof. Conservation dept., Faculty of Fine Arts, Minia Univ., Minia , Egypt
Amphoras are large ceramic vessels which were used, in the Greaco-Roman period, to shipwine and other liquid products throughout the Mediterranean. An amphora was excavated atEl-Bahnasa archaeological site at the south of Egypt and it dates back to the Late Romanperiod (4th-6th centuries AD.). The condition of the amphora was very poor and suffered frommany deterioration phenomena including, accumulation of dirt and soil residues, narrow andwide cracks, decay and fragility of pottery body and crystallization of salts. Furthermore, manyshards are broken from the body and some are missing. The aim of the present paper is tostudy the chemical and the mineralogical composition of the clay body, the soil residues andthe crystallized salts and to restore it. Different analytical methods were used including; X-raydiffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive Xrayspectroscopy (EDS). The results obtained by (XRD) reported that clay body containsQuartz (SiO2), Calcite (CaCO3), Anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), Halite (NaCl), Magnetite (Fe3O4),Dolomite (Ca Mg(CO3) and Hematite (Fe2O3), while the salt is Halite mineral (Sodiumchloride). The soil residues sample consists of Halite, Quartz and Calcite. Different restorationtreatments were carried out on the amphora comprising; mechanical and chemical cleaning,consolidation, bonding and replacement processes.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7270_51ad3d376475e21fae0c2447a9b0ab95.pdf
Roman
Amphora
El-Bahnasa
deterioration
Accumulation
Wide cracks
eng
Sohag University Publication Centre
Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies
2090-4932
2090-4940
2014-06-01
4
1
25
33
10.21608/ejars.2018.7271
7271
Original Article
A SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE PATINA, CORROSION MORPHOLOGY, AND CONSERVATION OF EGYPTIAN BRASS OBJECT
Gharib A.
1
Lecturer Conservation dept., Faculty of Fine Arts, Minia Univ., Minia, Egypt
This paper presents the way we used non-destructive methods-optical microscopy (OM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), xraydiffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform Raman (FT-Raman) microscopy. The Ramanspectra of copper were reported using an Nd-YAG laser operating at an excitation wavelengthof 1064, 785and532 nm. These analyses were used to understand the corrosivemorphological characteristics of the patina, to investigate the corrosion products, analyze theelementary composition of the copper object and to identify the corrosive factors with effectson the alteration processes. This object exhibited at the museum of the faculty of applied arts,Helwan university-Egypt. The results indicated that the object was made of brass alloy, withcopper as the main element, beside zinc. Three layers of alteration products with variouscomposition and morphology covered the substrate of the brass alloy. SEM-EDX, XRDanalyses and Raman spectroscopy (RS) revealed the elements Cl, S, O, C, from primary andsecondary chemical compounds and from soil micro-structure. This study provides usefulinformation for the conservation of copper object.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7271_d5a1bdde7ef037abd1de63dd176b670b.pdf
Copper corrosion
minerals
Patina
Raman spectroscopy (RS)
Brass treatment
eng
Sohag University Publication Centre
Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies
2090-4932
2090-4940
2014-06-01
4
1
35
46
10.21608/ejars.2018.7272
7272
Original Article
CHARACTERIZATION AND EXAMINATION OF PIGMENTS, GROUNDS AND MEDIA FROM ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CARTONNAGE
Abd El Aal Sh.
1
Lecturer Conservation dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum Univ., Fayoum, Egypt
An ancient Egyptian gilded Cartonnage with polychrome decoration period to late - Greek-Roman period found in Saqqara, Egypt was examined to characterize structure components(pigments, grounds layers and binder. It was studied by Optical Microscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD), Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Scanning electron microscopycoupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. These techniques were used to identify the composition andmorphology of grounds, nature of pigments and media used in the Cartonnage. The gildedCartonnage is made on a double layer of plain weave linen soaked in gum. The first Coarseground layer being a mixture of calcite and huntite. The second layer (finer one) being purewhite calcite, the pigment colors employed were red, yellow and gold. Red was identified ashematite blended with gypsum, yellow as Calcite mixture with orpiment and gypsum. Gildedlayer was identified as gold and silver with very thin layer of hematite and orpiment mixed withorganic binder applied under the gilded layer. The binding medium on a double layer of plainweave linen , the coarse and the fine layer and binder in the yellow and red pigment areaswas Arabic gum.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7272_0b1873359400ec81fd719723778c0118.pdf
Cartonnage
Saqqara
Greek-Roman
XRD
Pigments
EDS
SEM
eng
Sohag University Publication Centre
Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies
2090-4932
2090-4940
2014-06-01
4
1
47
54
10.21608/ejars.2018.7273
7273
Original Article
STUDIES ON FUNGAL ISOLATES INVOLVED IN BIODETERIORATION OF ANCIENT MANUSCRIPTS OF THE GENERAL EGYPTIAN BOOK ORGANIZATION (GEBO)
Sahab A.
1
Dissoki B
2
Sahaba S.
3
Badie S.
4
Hanafy O.
5
Monir A.
6
Prof. Plant pathology. dept., Agricultural & Biological dev., NRC., Cairo, Egypt
Assistant Team, Microbiological Lab.., GEBO, Cairo., Egypt
Assistant Team, Microbiological Lab.., GEBO, Cairo., Egypt
Assistant Team, Microbiological Lab.., GEBO, Cairo., Egypt
Assistant Team, Microbiological Lab.., GEBO, Cairo., Egyp
Assistant Team, Microbiological Lab.., GEBO, Cairo., Egyp
Microbiological contamination with fungi and bacteria can pose a significant destroy to oldmanuscripts or health hazard to those working in archives or library. Among 520 selected olddocuments, 162 manuscripts (31.15%) macroscopically showed fungal growth or damage andnumber of 75 documents (14.42%) were positive for presence of fungi but by culture fungalcontamination revealed in 30 manuscripts (5.77%). Also, about 199 representative fungalisolates developed on PDA medium were isolated from old manuscripts samples. Aspergillus,Fusarium and Penicillium spp. were the main contaminating mould genera of all testedmanuscripts and account over two third of contaminations. The fungal genera could bearranged on the basis of their frequent occurrence as follows: Aspergillus (45.57%), Fusarium(33.1%), Penicillium (8.6%), Alternaria (6.5%), Trichoderma (3.0%), Stymphylium (1.5%) andNigrospora (0.5%) of the total fungal count. The obtained data also showed that of the 53fungal isolates screened for cellulolytic activity on carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) only31(58.49% ) had the ability to grow. Moreover, only 8 out off 31fungal isolates had a highability to decompose cellulose powder in Czepek's medium. The growth of A. flavus wascompletely inhibited (100% inhibition) at rhiozolex concentration of ≤ 200ppm and benlateconcentration of ≤ 400ppm. While, the growth of A. niger was also completely inhibited atrhizolex concentration of ≤ 400ppm and benlate at≤ 200ppm. The growth of F. oxysporumwas completely inhibited by rhizolex at 1600ppm and benlate at ≤ 100ppm. On the otherhand, fumigation with Para formaldehyde tablet for 9 days completely inhibited A. nigergrowth.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7273_789ed923dac527fffab3aac6d09e52bb.pdf
GEBO
Old documents
fungi
Bacteria
Bio-deterioration
Cellulolytic activity
eng
Sohag University Publication Centre
Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies
2090-4932
2090-4940
2014-06-01
4
1
55
63
10.21608/ejars.2018.7274
7274
Original Article
THE ROLE OF WATER IN ISFAHAN: A STUDY OF SAMPLES OF BRIDGES AND DAMS ON ZÂYANDÉ-RÛD
El Gemaiey Gh.
1
Lecturer. Islamic Archeology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
This paper is aimed to study the main characteristics of the bridges in Isfahan at the SafavidPeriod through an archeological scope, along with adopting other scientific methods to have aholistic vision of the creativity of the bridges around the most important river in Iran plateau.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7274_4f738daedc5ce884d31973f14f277bdd.pdf
Joui
Khaju
Marnan
Shaa Abbas
Si-o-Se Pol
eng
Sohag University Publication Centre
Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies
2090-4932
2090-4940
2014-06-01
4
1
65
75
10.21608/ejars.2018.7275
7275
Original Article
THE NBWY THE CITY OF OUADJET AT BENI-SWEIF
Gharib Kh.
1
Asses. Prof. Egyptology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
This research addresses a study for Nbwy site (its recent location is Belifia village in the southof Beni Suef), it forms a part of the 20th nome of Upper Egypt. The oldest discoveries in thissite back to the Middle Kingdom, where remains of a temple were found, which may havebeen the beginning of worship of goddess Ouadjet in the site. The site has been mentioned inmany sources without mentioning its exact location until the discovery of monuments in thesite and it nearby sites allowed to specify the location of the site and its importance. Ouadjetwas worshipped as the mistress of Nbwy beside Hershef. The most important priest ofOuadjet in Nbwy was PA xa s who was one of the leaders of Ptolemaic army. His main titlewas priest of Ouadjet the mistress of Nbwy. In Arab sources the site was mentioned as a partof the city of Ehnasya
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7275_1f8a0555cbc821a7b689b208c4d4fc6b.pdf
Nbwy
Beni Suef
Habachi
PA xAa.s
Abydos
eng
Sohag University Publication Centre
Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies
2090-4932
2090-4940
2014-06-01
4
1
77
84
10.21608/ejars.2018.7276
7276
Original Article
HIGHLIGHT OF COMPARISON BETWEEN THE GAZELLE BEHAVIOUR IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND IN THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN SCENES
Khalil H
1
Nur-El-Din A.
2
El Kenawy M.
3
Egyptologist Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egy
Prof. Ancient Egyptian dept., Faculty of Archaeology and Tourism Guidance, Miser Univ. for Science and Technology, 6th October, Egypt.
Assist. Prof. Egyptology dept., Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo Univ., Giza, Egypt
Representations of animal behaviour in ancient Egyptian art based on ancient Egyptianobservations are closely related to the natural habitats of these animals. The ancientEgyptians artists represented two species of gazelle genus in ancient scenes over their tombswalls; they are Dorcas gazelle, and Sommering gazelle. Both of two kinds are displayed indifferent behaviours such as: LOCOMOTOR, comfort behaviour, sexual behaviour, huntingbehaviour "predation and escape from danger", in addition to parental behaviour.
https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7276_9664adfee0386d15091321e5617a2822.pdf
Dorcas gazelle
Sommering gazelle
behaviour
Licking
mating
Fawn