@article { author = {N., Abd El-Tawab and I., Badr and A., Mahran}, title = {ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF CARTONNAGE FRAGMENT FROM LATE PERIOD}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {69-78}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Sohag University Publication Centre}, issn = {2090-4932}, eissn = {2090-4940}, doi = {10.21608/ejars.2012.7463}, abstract = {Technical and analytical studies were carried out on a late period cartonnage fragments fromunknown mummy at Egyptian museum, which was found at middle Egypt at Asyut. The structure ofthe object was visually examined and the layer of textiles, plaster, pigments and binder wereidentified. The fragments was examined using a variety of techniques; Optical light microscopy(OLM), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)and Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive analysis of elements (SEM-EDX).Analytical studies indicated that, the ground layer was composed of calcite and traces of quartz.Carbon black was used as black pigment while Hematite as red pigment and Orpiment As2O3 usedas yellow pigment, these showing the influence of Roman and Greek pigments on Egyptian art inthese later periods. Green colorant was identified as Malachite. Animal glue was used in the fourpigments as medium colored.}, keywords = {Cartonnage,Cairo museum,Ground layer,Pigments,Binder,Linen}, url = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7463.html}, eprint = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7463_2eb65c0a192daccf5f7df134c1c60980.pdf} } @article { author = {Sh., Abd El Aal}, title = {EVALUATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSERVATION OF WALL PAINTINGS IN THE MORTUARY TEMPLE OF RAMSES III.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {79-89}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Sohag University Publication Centre}, issn = {2090-4932}, eissn = {2090-4940}, doi = {10.21608/ejars.2012.7464}, abstract = {Egypt has a lot of ancient tombs and tempels, which were decorated with different kinds of wallpaintings. Structure of these wall pintings consists of support, plaster and paint layers. The mortuarytemple of Ramses III the king of 20th Dynasty who ruled Egypt for 31 years (1183-1153 B.C). It’slocated of on the west bank of Luxor, Upper Egypt; The temple itself is made of sandstone andcontains more than 75,000 square feet of wall decoration and reliefs.Paintings deterioration isprimarily due to physiochemical, natural and human factors. The most detrimental factors are batpatches, old varnish and organic waste of birds. All these leed to the gradual disappearance ofpaintings. Modern technology of conservation is focused on application of new materials for cleaningof wall paintings. Here we report on the use of enzymes for cleaning surface of wall paintings.Analytical techniques such as PIXE, µPIXE, XRD, FTIR and Optical Microscopy were used toevaluate the enzymatic cleaning processes of wall paintings and to identify the chemical compositionof blue, red, yellow and white pigments. PIXE and XRD results indicated that there is no change inthe chemical composition of the materials and pigments. FTIR and OM results confirmed the stabilityof organic medium before and after enzymatic cleaning of different kind of patches.}, keywords = {biotechnology,conservation,wall paintings,Enzymes,PIXE,FTIR}, url = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7464.html}, eprint = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7464_0af60f4607e3cf98cbb782187597c89c.pdf} } @article { author = {M., Mansour and H., Ahmed}, title = {OCCURRENCE OF FUNGI ON SOME DETERIORATED ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MATERIALS AND THEIR CONTROLLING BY ECOFRIENDLY PRODUCTS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {91-101}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Sohag University Publication Centre}, issn = {2090-4932}, eissn = {2090-4940}, doi = {10.21608/ejars.2012.7465}, abstract = {Tuna el-Gabel's excavations represent a model of the Egyptian excavation's nature, in terms ofvariations and fluctuations in degrees of humidity and temperature throughout the year. Theexcavations contain various types of antiquities which are made from different organic andinorganic materials belong to different Egyptian eras, especially the Ptolemaic era. Theseconditions have an impact on finding a certain kind of fungus damage, which passively affectsthe antiquities in the excavations. This research presents a practical study meant to determineand define the fungi existed in the organic and inorganic antiquities in Tuna el- Gabel'sexcavations. Six samples were taken from different Archaeological objects from which 24fungal strains representing 10 genera were isolated. The identified fungal isolates ; Aspergillusniger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus humicola, Fusarium moniliforme,Chaetomium indicum, Helminthosporium sativum, Alternaria tenuis and Rhizopus sp.Comparative study using different types of fungicides and natural products on the isolatedfungal species suggested that the complete inhibition of tested fungal species was performedwith lower concentration of clove oil, which is harmless to humans, (0.75%) than the fungicides.}, keywords = {Excavation,fungi,Bio-deterioration,Clove oil,sterilization}, url = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7465.html}, eprint = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7465_70f8f750066f2ccf3de5413210959f8c.pdf} } @article { author = {M, Abd El-Hady and A., Abd El Hafez}, title = {PHYSIO-CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL DETERIORATION OF MONUMENTAL MUD BRICK IN EGYPT.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {103-107}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Sohag University Publication Centre}, issn = {2090-4932}, eissn = {2090-4940}, doi = {10.21608/ejars.2012.7466}, abstract = {Mud brick made from soil materials widely used in building the earthen buildings dating back toprehistoric times on wards. The ancient Egyptians had built those unique and historical buildings tobe used as houses, tombs, castles and parts of temples because the raw materials used forproducing mud-brick widely existing in the Nile valley and many other historical sites . The presentresearch deals with illustrating the technology of manufacturing mud-brick and the inorganic andorganic materials used in this technology. The results obtained by this research showed that thephysio-chemical and mechanical properties of mud-brick greatly varied from site to another. Ascientific survey carried out on different samples of mud-brick collected from the most deterioratedparts of some historical buildings showed that the physical structure of these samples seriouslycollapsed and the samples became fragile materials due to the severe effects of deterioration factorsmainly atmospheric conditions , rain water ,ground water , biological agents ( termites and microorganisms ) …etc.}, keywords = {Mud brick,tombs,Manufacturing,Rain water,ground water}, url = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7466.html}, eprint = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7466_9d67d5b9c7f9622855ad6d49b692583e.pdf} } @article { author = {S., Shafik}, title = {MEHU: HIS IDENTITY AND THE ARCHITECTURAL AND ARTISTIC FEATURES OF HIS TOMB}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {109-118}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Sohag University Publication Centre}, issn = {2090-4932}, eissn = {2090-4940}, doi = {10.21608/ejars.2012.7467}, abstract = {Located in the Wenis cemetery, Mehu’s mastaba was used by three individuals of the same family,Mehu, Meryreankh and Hotepka. With its well preserved decoration and with the variety andfrequently original themes depicted on its walls, the mastaba may be considered as one of the mostimportant tombs of the Old Kingdom. The owner probably had royal blood and was also married to adaughter of a king, possibly Wenis. He held the vizierate under Wenis, Teti and early under Pepy I,and accordingly during Weserkare’s reign. The architecture of Mehu’s mastaba seems to have beeninspired by those of Ti and Ptahhotep I, and all three influenced other mastabas, such as that ofMereruka. The artists of Mehu’s chapel were very competent and paid special attention to details, butthose of Meryreankh and Hotepka, were generally less capable. Similarities between Mehu’s scenesand those of Mereruka are evident in the flute players amongst the harvesters, the attendantscatching Egyptian mongooses by the tail in the fowling scenes, and the sleeping/preparation to sleepduring the pilgrimage trips. Comparison with other tombs shows similarities, for example in themating crocodiles (Mehu, Kagemni and Hesi), the crocodiles swallowing fish headfirst (Khnumenti atGiza and Mehu, Kagemni and Mereri at Saqqara) and the high-kicking dance (Mehu, Kagemni,Ankhmahor, and Merefnebef). However, the aggressive scenes found for instance in Mereruka’schapel are missing in that of Mehu, which may reflect his personality.}, keywords = {chapel,Cemetery,old kingdom,Sarcophagus,Abydos}, url = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7467.html}, eprint = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7467_5d881c9e4fdf012183c5bc48585ea709.pdf} } @article { author = {R., Soliman}, title = {THE GOLDEN SHRINES OF TUTANKHAMUN AND THEIR INTENDED BURIAL PLACE}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {119-130}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Sohag University Publication Centre}, issn = {2090-4932}, eissn = {2090-4940}, doi = {10.21608/ejars.2012.7468}, abstract = {The most famous tomb at the Valley of the Kings, KV 62 housed so far the most intact discovery ofroyal funerary treasures belonging to the eighteenth dynasty boy-king Tutankhamun. The tomb has asimple architectural plan clearly prepared for a non- royal burial. However, the hastily death ofTutankhamun at a young age caused his interment in such unusually small tomb. The treasuresdiscovered were immense in number, art finesse and especially in the amount of gold used. Of thesetreasures the largest shrine of four shrines laid in the burial chamber needed to be dismantled andreassembled in the tomb because of its immense size. Clearly the black marks on this shrine helpedin the assembly and especially the orientation in relation to the burial chamber. These marks aretotally incorrect and prove that Tutankhamun was definitely intended to be buried in another tomb.}, keywords = {KV62,WV23,Golden shrines,Tutankhamun,burial chamber,orientation}, url = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7468.html}, eprint = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7468_68069c7b538e5b5fc3cfdeeab6aae97b.pdf} } @article { author = {A., Abdel Wadood}, title = {THE HISTORY OF THE SPONSORSHIP AND FINANCIAL OF THE CHRISTIAN MONASTERIES AND CHURCHES IN THE FATIMID ERA IN EGYPT (969-1171 A.D/ 358-567H)}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {131-140}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Sohag University Publication Centre}, issn = {2090-4932}, eissn = {2090-4940}, doi = {10.21608/ejars.2012.7469}, abstract = {The Christian Egypt, under the Muslim rulers, enjoyed their entire freedom of religion, because theteachings of Islam states that all people shall coexist in tolerance and satisfaction, this is the firstmotif which made them life together. So the Muslims rulers care of the second sector of them citizensand give them the enough money to built them churches and monasteries. The purpose of this paperis report the sponsorship and the financial process of building and tracking the significant care in theinnovation and construction and defining the methods of the economic financial of Christian Churchof the Christian Church through the Fatimid period (969-1171A.D/358-567H), whereas, the Christianbuildings relied heavily on the government to finance the reconstruction and the life of the monksthemselves inside these buildings.}, keywords = {Christian,Fatimid decrees,Church,Endowment,Fatimid age}, url = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7469.html}, eprint = {https://ejars.journals.ekb.eg/article_7469_6ed424ab9f901895e03b1ae00a8a620b.pdf} }